Teacher Resources

Websites

• Office of the Treaty Commissioner
• National Centre for Collaboration on Indigenous Education (NCCIE)
• Be a ConnectR | Reconciliation in Saskatoon 
• The Gathering – Home
• Buffalo Treaty
• Saskatchewan’s Project of Heart | Saskatchewan’s Project of Heart Website
• Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre 
• CBC Gem
  • Numerous Indigenous videos including a section on Truth and Reconciliation
• Aboriginal Healing Center
  • The Aboriginal Healing Foundation was established in 1998 as an Indigenous managed, non-profit corporation dedicated to responding to the legacy of residential schools in Canada and the associated community health impacts. Funding for the Aboriginal Healing Foundation ceased in 2014 and it contains many free research based materials.
• Coming Home to Indigenous Place Names in Canada (University of Maine)
  • Downloadable map (and available for purchase) depicts Indigenous place names across Canada, shared by permission of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit communities and people. The names express territorial rights and describe the shapes, sounds, and stories of sovereign lands. The names mark the locations of the gathering places, the communities, the places of danger and beauty, and the places where treaties were signed. The names are ancient and recent, both in and outside of time, and they express and assert the Indigenous presence across the Canadian landscape in Indigenous languages.
• First Nations Information Governance Centre 
  • The Centre provides information about First Nations people living on reserve and in northern communities. An incorporated non-profit organization operating with a special mandate from the Assembly of First Nations’ Chiefs in Assembly. The FNIGC partners to collect data to improve the health and well-being of over 600 First Nations communities in Canada.
• Gabriel Dumont Institute – Virtual Museum of Metis History and Culture
  • A collection of primary sources including oral history interviews, photographs, and other archival materials covering Metis history and culture 
• Indian History Film Project (University of Regina)
  • This source contains transcripts of interviews with First Nations elders spanning many decades..
• Legacy of Hope Foundation 
  • A national Indigenous charitable organization with the mandate to educate and create awareness and understanding about the Residential School System, including the intergenerational impacts.,
• Four Directions Teachings (Dept. of Canadian Heritage and National Indigenous Literacy Association)
  • The project allows people to experience Indigenous knowledge and philosophy and where educators can incorporate the site into their curriculum.  It honors oral traditions by creating an environment where visitors are encouraged to listen with intent as each elder/ traditional teacher shares a teaching from their perspective on the richness and value of cultural traditions from their nation.
• Indigenous Heritage (Library and Archives Canada)
• National Collaborating Centre for Indigenous Health
  • A national Indigenous organization established by the Government of Canada and funded through the Public Health Agency of Canada to support First Nations, Inuit, and Métis public health renewal and health equity through knowledge translation and exchange.
• Residential Schools Land Memory Atlas
  • This project was funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) and many contributors are from post-secondary institutions..
  • This online atlas aims to enrich knowledge and education relating to Residential Schools, their sites and Survivors’ perspectives.
• Yellowhead Institute
  • A First Nation-led research centre based at Ryerson University in Toronto. Privileging First Nation philosophy and rooted in community networks, the institute is focused on policies related to land and governance.
• Victorian ideologies of gender and the curriculum of the Regina Indian Industrial School, 1891-1910 (University of Saskatchewan)
  • Full-text Masters of Education thesis written by April Rosenau ChiefCalf
• Treaty Research Report – Treaty Four (1874)
  •  Written by John Leonard Taylor, Treaties and Historical Research Centre, 1985
• Aboriginal Peoples Survey (Statistics Canada)
• A letter from an intergenerational survivor (Macdonald-Laurier Institute)
  • Written by Chris Sankey
• Reconciliation Regina 
• Read for Reconciliation

Books

• Ojibwe/Saulteaux K-4 Language Revitalization Book Series
• Treaty Elders of Saskatchewan: Our Dream is that Our People Will One Day be Clearly Recognized as Nations
• Treaty Tales Trilogy: The Handshake and the Pipe, The Friendship, We Are All Treaty People (Manitoba First Nations Education Resource Centre)
• Under One Sun Balanced Literacy Kits (Nelson, Grades K-8)
• Take Action for Reconciliation (Scholastic, Grades 3-8)
• Hummingbird Inspired Who We Are and Where We Come From Books (Treaty Education Alliance)
• Treaty Education Book List – Regina Public School Division
• Indians of North America — Education — Saskatchewan (University of Regina)
  • Holdings of print and online materials under a Library of Congress Subject Heading
• Indians of North America — Saskatchewan (University of Regina)
  • Print and online materials under a Library of Congress Subject Heading
• Indigenous Peoples — Saskatchewan (University of Regina)
  • Print and online materials under a Library of Congress Subject Heading
  • The treaties of Canada with the Indians of Manitoba and the North- West Territories, including the negotiations on which they were based, and other information relating thereto
  • Full-text ebook published in 1880 – chapter 6 shows correspondence relating to the signing of Treaty 4
• Shattering the Silence: The Hidden History of Indian Residential Schools in Saskatchewan (University of Regina) 
  • Full-text ebook published by the Faculty of Education
• The Regina Indian Industrial School (1891-1910)
  • Hardcopy book written by Douglas Stewart and published by Benchmark Press – available for purchase Amazon, Indigo, etc.
• kisiskaciwan: Indigenous Voices From Where the River Flows Softly, edited by Jesse Rae Archibald-Barber
  • An anthology featuring several speeches from the negotiations of Treaty 4, as well as contemporary writings from authors and leaders in Treaty 4 territory. Available in public libraries through SILS.
• Cultural Teachings: First Nations Protocols and Methodologies from the Saskatchewan Indigenous Cultural Centre (SICC). Available in public libraries through SILS.
• Cree Dictionary of Mathematical Terms for Elementary Classes by Willie Ermine, Arzu Sardarli, & Ida Swan, First Nations University
• Encyclopedia of American Indian Contributions to the World by Emory Dean Keoke and Kay Marie Porterfield

Videos

Podcasts

• How First Nations became marginalized in the Canadian Prairies to make way for Euro-Canadian settlement (Champlain Society Witness to History Podcast interview with Dr. James Daschuk, University. of Regina)
• The Hon. Murray Sinclair on why we need truth for reconciliation (Conference Board of Canada Bright Future Podcast interview with the Honourable Murray Sinclair) 
• The Secret Life of Canada – a podcast the covers a wide range of topics in Canadian history, and feature several teaching guides for episodes relating to important Indigenous topics:
  • The Indian Act
  • Secret Life of Water
  • Secret Life of the North

Academic Articles

Koops, S. (2018). As long as the grass grows: Walking, writing, and singing treaty education. In E. Hasebe-Ludt & C. Leggo (Eds.), A Métissage of Inspiration/Imagination/Interconnection (pp. 2–10). Canadian Scholars.

Kovach, M. (2013). Treaties, Truths and Transgressive Pedagogies: Re-Imagining Indigenous Presence in the Classroom. Socialist Studies/Études Socialistes, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.18740/s4ks36

Starblanket, G. (2019). Crises of relationship: the role of treaties in contemporary Indigenous-settler relations. In G. Starblanket, D. Long, & O. P. Dickason (Eds.), Visions of the Heart: Issues Involving Indigenous Peoples in Canada (pp. 13–33). Oxford University Press.

Graham, S. (2019). Decolonizing/Indigenizing: Re(Imagining educational systems, even those mathematical. In J. Markides & L. Forsythe (Eds.), Research Journeys in/to Multiple Ways of Knowing. Dio Press Inc. (Link here)

Full text of Treaty 4 from Crown-Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada: https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/fra/1100100028689/1581293019940

Keepness, Shane. “Treaty 4 Research Paper.” Academia.edu, 15 April 2013, https://www.academia.edu/15129802/Treaty_4_Research_Paper. 

• Paper written by a PhD student from Treaty 4 territory. 
• Accessible to anyone using the above link.

Filice, Michelle. “Treaty 4”.  The Canadian Encyclopedia, 01 November 2016, Historica Canada. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaty-4. 

• Useful basic overview of the terms and dates attached to the historical Treaty 4.
• Accessible to anyone online using the above link.

Bell, Charles N. “THE STATE OF THE WEST PREDICTIONS OF 1874.” Alberta History, vol. 67, no. 2, 2019, p. 23+. Gale Academic OneFile Select

• Fascinating letter written in 1874, which provides a mix of predictions and recommendations on the impending collapse of the buffalo herds in the prairies, including multiple mentions of treaties. Footnotes clarify where the author was correct or not.
• Available through Regina Public Library, Parkland Regional Library, Palliser Regional Library and Southeast Regional Library via the database Academic OneFile Select. Look for the “E-Resources” section on the library website and sign in with your library card #. 

Wilkes, Rima, et al. “Canadian university acknowledgment of indigenous lands, treaties, and peoples.” Canadian Review of Sociology, vol. 54, no. 1, 2017, p. 89+. Gale Academic OneFile Select

• A lengthy and interesting discussion of different categories of land and treaty acknowledgments, and comparisons of acknowledgments across Canadian provinces and institutions. 
• Available through Regina Public Library, Parkland Regional Library, Palliser Regional Library and Southeast Regional Library via the database Academic OneFile Select. Look for the “E-Resources” section on the library website and sign in with your library card #. 

Kress, Margaret. “Sasipihkeyihtamowin: niso nehiyaw iskwewak.” Canadian Woman Studies, vol. 31, no. 1-2, 2014, p. 52+. Gale Academic OneFile Select

• Deep reflection on Cree linguistics and environmental justice, via the author’s relationships with several prominent Cree speaking women in Saskatchewan.
• Available through Regina Public Library, Parkland Regional Library, Palliser Regional Library and Southeast Regional Library via the database Academic OneFile Select. Look for the “E-Resources” section on the library website and sign in with your library card #. 

Firpo, C., & Jacobs, M. (2018). Taking children, ruling colonies: Child removal and colonial subjugation in Australia, Canada, French Indochina, and the United States, 1870–1950s. Journal of World History, 29(4), 529-563.

• Sweeping overview of similar colonial practices & the subjugation of Indigenous peoples around the world. Connection of treaties to the Indian Act and colonial practice of separating people according to “full/half blood” and marital status.
• Available through Regina Public Library, Parkland Regional Library, Palliser Regional Library and Southeast Regional Library via the database eLibrary. Look for the “E-Resources” section on the library website and sign in with your library card #. 

Hogue, M. (2002). Disputing the medicine line: The plains crees and the canadian–american border: 1876-1885. Montana; the Magazine of Western History, 52(4), 2.

• Examination of a narrow time frame when Cree hunters were pushing southward in continued search of buffalo, as northern herds thinned out. 
• Available through Regina Public Library, Parkland Regional Library, Palliser Regional Library and Southeast Regional Library via the database eLibrary. Look for the “E-Resources” section on the library website and sign in with your library card #. 

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